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display: inline-block;">4</div>程序和计算机的那点事儿</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-95d837d1 data-v-95d837d1><div class="item" data-v-95d837d1><div class="indicator" data-v-95d837d1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/courses/java/01-Java%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8/05-%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E5%92%8C%E5%B8%B8%E9%87%8F" data-v-95d837d1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-95d837d1><div class="text-color-gray mr-[6px]" style="font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;">5</div>变量和常量</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-95d837d1 data-v-95d837d1><div class="item" data-v-95d837d1><div class="indicator" data-v-95d837d1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/courses/java/01-Java%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8/06-%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6" data-v-95d837d1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-95d837d1><div class="text-color-gray mr-[6px]" style="font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;">6</div>常用的运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-95d837d1 data-v-95d837d1><div class="item" data-v-95d837d1><div class="indicator" data-v-95d837d1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/courses/java/01-Java%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8/07-%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B%E5%9B%BE" data-v-95d837d1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-95d837d1><div class="text-color-gray mr-[6px]" style="font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;">7</div>控制语句和流程图</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-95d837d1 data-v-95d837d1><div class="item" data-v-95d837d1><div class="indicator" data-v-95d837d1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/courses/java/01-Java%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8/08-if%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" data-v-95d837d1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-95d837d1><div class="text-color-gray mr-[6px]" style="font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;">8</div>if选择结构</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-95d837d1 data-v-95d837d1><div class="item" data-v-95d837d1><div class="indicator" data-v-95d837d1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/courses/java/01-Java%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8/09-switch%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" data-v-95d837d1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-95d837d1><div class="text-color-gray mr-[6px]" style="font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;">9</div>switch选择结构</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-95d837d1 data-v-95d837d1><div class="item" data-v-95d837d1><div class="indicator" data-v-95d837d1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/courses/java/01-Java%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8/10-%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" data-v-95d837d1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-95d837d1><div class="text-color-gray mr-[6px]" style="font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;">10</div>循环结构</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-95d837d1 data-v-95d837d1><div class="item" data-v-95d837d1><div class="indicator" data-v-95d837d1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/courses/java/01-Java%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8/11-%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8D%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" data-v-95d837d1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-95d837d1><div class="text-color-gray mr-[6px]" style="font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;">11</div>多重循环</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-95d837d1 data-v-95d837d1><div class="item" data-v-95d837d1><div class="indicator" data-v-95d837d1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/courses/java/01-Java%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8/12-%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%B0%83%E8%AF%95%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" data-v-95d837d1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-95d837d1><div class="text-color-gray mr-[6px]" style="font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;">12</div>程序调试入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-95d837d1 data-v-95d837d1><div class="item" data-v-95d837d1><div class="indicator" data-v-95d837d1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/courses/java/01-Java%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8/13-%E4%B8%80%E7%BB%B4%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84" data-v-95d837d1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-95d837d1><div class="text-color-gray mr-[6px]" style="font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;">13</div>一维数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-95d837d1 data-v-95d837d1><div class="item" data-v-95d837d1><div class="indicator" data-v-95d837d1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/courses/java/01-Java%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8/14-%E5%A4%9A%E7%BB%B4%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84" data-v-95d837d1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-95d837d1><div class="text-color-gray mr-[6px]" style="font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;">14</div>多维数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-802ad7d8><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-802ad7d8 data-v-95d837d1><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-95d837d1><div class="indicator" data-v-95d837d1></div><h2 class="text" data-v-95d837d1>Java面向对象 (1篇)</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-95d837d1><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-95d837d1><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-95d837d1><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-95d837d1 data-v-95d837d1><div class="item" data-v-95d837d1><div class="indicator" data-v-95d837d1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/courses/java/02-Java%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1/01-%E7%B1%BB%E5%92%8C%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1" data-v-95d837d1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-95d837d1><div class="text-color-red mr-[6px]" style="font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;">1</div>类和对象</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-802ad7d8><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-802ad7d8 data-v-95d837d1><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-95d837d1><div class="indicator" data-v-95d837d1></div><h2 class="text" data-v-95d837d1>Java高级特性 (1篇)</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-95d837d1><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-95d837d1><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-95d837d1><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-95d837d1 data-v-95d837d1><div class="item" data-v-95d837d1><div class="indicator" data-v-95d837d1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/courses/java/03-Java%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7/01-%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E4%B8%8E%E6%B3%9B%E5%9E%8B-1" data-v-95d837d1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-95d837d1><div class="text-color-red mr-[6px]" style="font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;">1</div>集合与泛型-1</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-802ad7d8><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-802ad7d8 data-v-95d837d1><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-95d837d1><div class="indicator" data-v-95d837d1></div><h2 class="text" data-v-95d837d1>附录 (1篇)</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-95d837d1><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-95d837d1><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-95d837d1><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-95d837d1 data-v-95d837d1><div class="item" data-v-95d837d1><div class="indicator" data-v-95d837d1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/courses/java/04-%E9%99%84%E5%BD%95/01-CentOS%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85JDK" data-v-95d837d1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-95d837d1><div class="text-color-red mr-[6px]" style="font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;">1</div>CentOS 8.2 安装 JDK 1.8.0_202</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-03322d68 data-v-2c336b25><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-2c336b25 data-v-53ed897c><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-53ed897c><div class="aside" data-v-53ed897c><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-53ed897c></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-53ed897c><div class="aside-content" data-v-53ed897c><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-53ed897c data-v-3d450548><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3d450548 data-v-70b38f01><div class="content" data-v-70b38f01><div class="outline-marker" data-v-70b38f01></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" aria-level="2" data-v-70b38f01>目录</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-70b38f01><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-70b38f01> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-70b38f01 data-v-e10534d6><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3d450548></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-53ed897c><div class="content-container" data-v-53ed897c><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-53ed897c><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _courses_java_01-Java%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8_05-%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E5%92%8C%E5%B8%B8%E9%87%8F" data-v-53ed897c><div><h1 id="变量和常量" tabindex="-1">变量和常量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#变量和常量" aria-label="Permalink to "变量和常量""></a></h1><!----><h2 id="前言" tabindex="-1">前言 <a class="header-anchor" href="#前言" aria-label="Permalink to "前言""></a></h2><p><strong>C：</strong> 上一篇，笔者给你加了点“料”，捋了捋一个 QQ 程序从安装到运行起来究竟做了哪些事儿。在上一篇的最后，我们还分析到了一个结果就是当程序运行在内存中后，程序产生的数据也要在内存中妥善的管理起来，以方便使用和复用，这种基础的数据管理概念就是 <strong>变量</strong> 。</p><p><img src="/assets/202010061318922.baC6BIxU.jpeg" alt="202010061318922"></p><p>不知道，大家是否还记得在<a href="./01-开发环境搭建">《开发环境搭建》</a>中我们介绍过一个环境变量的概念，<strong>环境变量就是操作系统里存储的一些环境参数或关键值，每个在操作系统里运行的程序都可以获取到这些存储的内容</strong> 。因为它存储的是环境信息，又因为这些信息是可变的值，所以它叫环境变量。</p><p>而本篇我们也要正式学习下 Java 程序中的变量，它是我们学习的第一个基础知识点，先来感受下它的用处吧，例如下方代码，在进行输出个人介绍时，如果想修改姓名的话，需要单个依次修改。</p><p>此时我们就可以将个人介绍中的姓名存储成变量，然后就可以很方便的修改或重复使用了。</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark-dimmed vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 未使用变量</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">System.out.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;">println</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;">"我是时间管理大师：小罗"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">);</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">System.out.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;">println</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;">"我是时间管理大师：小罗"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">);</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">System.out.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;">println</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;">"我是时间管理大师：小罗"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">);</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">System.out.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;">println</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;">"我是时间管理大师：小罗"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">);</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark-dimmed vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 使用变量</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">String</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;"> "小罗"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">System.out.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;">println</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;">"我是时间管理大师："</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> +</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> name);</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">System.out.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;">println</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;">"我是时间管理大师："</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> +</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> name);</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">System.out.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;">println</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;">"我是时间管理大师："</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> +</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> name);</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">System.out.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;">println</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;">"我是时间管理大师："</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> +</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> name);</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="变量概述" tabindex="-1">变量概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#变量概述" aria-label="Permalink to "变量概述""></a></h2><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">笔者说</p><p>变量来源于数学，是计算机语言中能 <strong>储存计算结果或能表示值</strong> 的抽象概念。在一些语言中，变量可能被明确为是能表示可变状态、具有存储空间的抽象（如在 Java 和 Visual Basic 中）。[1~2]</p></div><p>如下图，当 Java 程序运行过程中，我们需要存储一些数据，此时就可以在内存开辟一个个变量空间来存储这些可变的数据。</p><p><img src="/assets/202010061319222.yl9ewSMo.png" alt="202010061319222"></p><p>通俗的来讲：变量就是一个数据存储空间的表示，不同数据存入具有不同内存地址的空间，彼此相互独立。</p><h2 id="变量的组成" tabindex="-1">变量的组成 <a class="header-anchor" href="#变量的组成" aria-label="Permalink to "变量的组成""></a></h2><p>将数据以 变量 形式存入内存之后，我们怎么找到和使用它呢？</p><ul><li>第1种方式：可以通过内存地址值去寻找。但是这地址值是类似于：0x12345….这种无关联的组成，每次记忆极其繁琐。</li><li>第2种方式：使用变量名来快速简便的找到存入的变量，找到变量自然也就找到数据了。</li></ul><p>其实变量这个概念，可以去类比生活中去酒店入住的场景。</p><p>酒店就是 <code>JVM</code> 内存，房间就是一个个的 <code>变量</code>，房间的名字就是 <strong>变量名</strong>（毕竟你想想酒店前台告诉你房间位置时，应该都是告诉你房间号，而不是给你指路：上3楼直走5个房间，右转后第3个房间对面）；</p><p>酒店还会为不同客人提供不同类型的房间，满足特别的需求。<code>JVM</code> 内存中，也是这么来安排数据的，我们称之为<strong>变量类型</strong> ；房间里入住的客人就是 <strong>变量里存储的值</strong> 。</p><p>而且变量即可以变化的量，酒店房间的客人也是变动的，这么理解起来，简直太容易了。所以笔者建议你，以后想到变量就多想想开房。</p><p><img src="/assets/202010061319719.mTFn434V.png" alt="202010061319719"></p><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">笔者说</p><p>所以，变量的组成是由：变量名、变量类型、变量值三个部分组成。</p><p>变量值就没必要看了，它就是你要存储的数据，爱存啥就存啥，但是其他的两个部分我们需要详细研究研究。</p></div><h3 id="变量名" tabindex="-1">变量名 <a class="header-anchor" href="#变量名" aria-label="Permalink to "变量名""></a></h3><p><strong>变量名也就是标识符，其实就是为了方便区分不同的变量。但这个名也不是随便起的，在长久的演化中，我们有了约定俗成的规范。</strong></p><div class="warning custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">变量名命名规范</p><ol><li><p>可以使用数字、字母，下划线和 <code>$</code> 符号组成，但数字不能开头。</p></li><li><p>不能使用关键字（<code>public</code>、<code>void</code>等）和保留字（<code>goto</code>、<code>def</code>等）！<strong>关键字：被系统定义了特殊含义的单词。保留字：现在还不是关键字，未来可能有特殊含义。</strong></p></li><li><p>起名要见名知意。 例如：<code>name</code> 一看就知道是名字，<code>password</code>是密码等。</p></li><li><p>采用小驼峰式命名法（Lower Camel Case）。(所谓小驼峰命名法，即首字母小写，如果有多个单词那么后面的每个单词首字母大写。<code>e.g. userPassword</code>) ；另外因为支持下划线，所以有些时候会有下划线连接法命名的变量。<code>e.g. user_password</code>。</p><p><img src="/assets/202010061319888.DcudMZ4K.jpeg" alt="202010061319888"></p></li><li><p>要么名称全为拼音，要么全为英文单词。<code>e.g.（X）myMingZi</code>。</p><p><img src="/assets/202010061320187.iuWxbs9x.jpeg" alt="202010061320187"></p></li></ol></div><h3 id="数据类型" tabindex="-1">数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to "数据类型""></a></h3><p>不同类型的值要以不同的形式存储，那么在 Java 中，它将不同的值划分了多少类型呢？</p><p><strong>数值型有：</strong></p><ul><li>整型：byte、short、int、long</li><li>浮点型：float、double</li></ul><p><strong>非数值型：</strong> char（字符型） 、boolean（布尔型） 、String（字符串型，一个比较特别的类型，先记住它不是基本数据类型，是引用数据类型即可）</p><p>下方是数值型数据类型的取值范围表：</p><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:center;">数据类型</th><th style="text-align:center;">大小</th><th style="text-align:center;">取值范围</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;">byte</td><td style="text-align:center;">1字节8位</td><td style="text-align:center;">-128 ~ +127</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;">short</td><td style="text-align:center;">2字节16位</td><td style="text-align:center;">-32768 (-2^15^) ~ +32767 (+2^15^ - 1)</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;">int</td><td style="text-align:center;">4字节32位</td><td style="text-align:center;">-2147483648 (-2^31^) ~ +2147483647 (2^31^ - 1)</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;">long</td><td style="text-align:center;">8字节64位</td><td style="text-align:center;">-2^63^ ~ +2^63^ - 1</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;">float</td><td style="text-align:center;">4字节32位浮点数</td><td style="text-align:center;">1.4E-45 ~ 3.4E+38, -1.4E-45 ~ -3.4E+38</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;">double</td><td style="text-align:center;">8字节64位浮点数</td><td style="text-align:center;">4.9E-324 ~ 1.7E+308, -4.9E-324 ~ -1.7E+308</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">笔者说</p><p>在 Java 中，如果定义一个变量，<strong>整数数据默认为 int 类型，小数数据默认为 double 类型。</strong></p><p>因为 int 和 double 的取值范围已经满足了我们大多数时的使用要求了。</p></div><h2 id="变量的使用步骤" tabindex="-1">变量的使用步骤 <a class="header-anchor" href="#变量的使用步骤" aria-label="Permalink to "变量的使用步骤""></a></h2><p>聊完了概念后，我们接下来一起用一下吧！</p><p>第一步：声明变量，根据数据类型在内存申请空间。</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark-dimmed vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 数据类型 变量名;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> money;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>第二步：赋值，即“将数据存储至对应的内存空间”。</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark-dimmed vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 变量名 = 数值;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">money </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#6CB6FF;"> 1000</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>tips:第一步和第二步可以合并。</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark-dimmed vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 数据类型 变量名 = 数值;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> money</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#6CB6FF;"> 1000</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>第三步：使用变量，即“取出数据使用”。（也就是拿着变量名去使用）</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark-dimmed vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">public</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> class</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#F69D50;"> Demo1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">{</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> public</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> static</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> void</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">String</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">[] </span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#F69D50;">args</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">){</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;"> // 在方法中声明的变量 被称为局部变量 局部变量如果没赋值前是无法使用的</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;"> // 第1种使用方式 先声明再赋值</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;"> // 声明变量（联想记忆：在内存中开好201双人房间）</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;"> // 此变量将用来存储银行卡存款</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> money; </span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;"> // 赋值 =号不再是数学里的相等，而是表示将右边的内容赋值给左边的</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> money </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#6CB6FF;"> 1000</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> </span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;"> // 第2种使用方式 声明的同时并赋值</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> money1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#6CB6FF;"> 1000</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;"> // 使用变量</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> System.out.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;">println</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;">"我的银行存款为："</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> +</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> money1 </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">+</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;"> "元"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">);</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> }</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>再来个小练习，吸收一下吧，案例需求如下：</p><p><strong>要求使用变量来完成如下操作：</strong></p><ul><li>输出Java课考试最高分：98.5</li><li>输出最高分学员姓名：张三</li><li>输出最高分学员性别：男</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark-dimmed vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 声明一个变量用来存储最高分</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">double</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> score</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#6CB6FF;"> 98.5</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 如果是float类型来存储数据，那么必须在值后添加 f/F</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 其实double类型的后面也应该加d/D，但Java中出现的浮点类型默认为double，所以不需要加</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// float score1 = 98.5F;</span></span>
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<span class="line"></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 声明一个变量用来存储学员姓名</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 双引号包裹的内容是一个字符串</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">String</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;"> "张三"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">; </span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 声明一个变量用来存储学员性别</span></span>
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||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 单引号包裹的事一个字符</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">char</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> gender</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;"> '男'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 使用变量：使用+号来拼接使用变量</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 只要是与字符串用+号拼接的都成为了字符串</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">System.out.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;">println</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;">"最高分为："</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> +</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> score);</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">System.out.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;">println</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;">"姓名为："</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> +</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> name);</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">System.out.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;">println</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;">"性别为："</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> +</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> gender);</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 等价于下方</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">System.out.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;">println</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;">"最高分为："</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> +</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> score </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">+</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;"> "</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;">姓名为："</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> +</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> name </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">+</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;"> "</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;">性别为："</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> +</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> gender);</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="常量概述" tabindex="-1">常量概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#常量概述" aria-label="Permalink to "常量概述""></a></h2><p>在程序运行中，我们需要使用一些数据，但是这些数据在存储好后不应该再次发生变化（例如：<code>π</code>）。这时候，单纯使用变量存储，毕竟叫变量，难保未来可能被不小心重新赋值。</p><p>此时我们可以使用常量来解决此问题。</p><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">笔者说</p><p>在Java中，其值不能改变的变量被称为常量。常量被final修饰，被final修饰则无法二次修改值。</p></div><p>为了和变量做出区别，常量在命名上也有一些小要求。</p><div class="warning custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">常量名命名规范</p><ol><li><p>常量名所有字母都要大写。</p></li><li><p>如果有多个单词，多个单词之间使用下划线分隔。例如：<code>MY_NAME</code></p></li><li><p>只能被赋值一次（被final修饰），通常定义时即对其初始化。</p></li></ol></div><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark-dimmed vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">public</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> class</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#F69D50;"> Demo2</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">{</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> public</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> static</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> void</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">String</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">[] </span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#F69D50;">args</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">){</span></span>
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||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;"> // 声明一个变量 用来表示π</span></span>
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||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;"> // 被final修饰的变量，无法再进行第二次改值 必须进行初始赋值，不能分开声明和赋值</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> final</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> double</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> PI</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#6CB6FF;"> 3.14</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">;</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;"> // 声明一个变量用来表示半径</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> radius</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#6CB6FF;"> 7</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">;</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> </span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;"> // 计算圆的面积 π * r * r</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> double</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> area</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> PI </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">*</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> radius </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">*</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> radius;</span></span>
|
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> System.out.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;">println</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;">"圆的面积为："</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> +</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> area);</span></span>
|
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> }</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="程序交互" tabindex="-1">程序交互 <a class="header-anchor" href="#程序交互" aria-label="Permalink to "程序交互""></a></h2><p>在上述的练习使用中，笔者定义的变量全是自己直接定义好值的。如果现在想要让变量值变成一个灵活动态的内容，通过键盘来灵活输入，这时候我们就需要使用 Java 给我们准备好的 <code>Scanner</code> 工具来解决。</p><p><strong>Scanner的使用需要一个固定的步骤！前期牢记即可！后期学习<code>类</code>之后就懂了。</strong></p><p>第一步：导入<code>Scanner</code>类。</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark-dimmed vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> java.util.Scanner;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>第二步：创建<code>Scanner</code>对象。</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark-dimmed vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">Scanner</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> input</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> new</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;"> Scanner</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(System.in);</span></span></code></pre></div><p>第三步：获得键盘输入的数据，并自动将其转换存储为<code>int</code>类型的变量<code>now</code>。</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark-dimmed vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> now</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> input.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;">nextInt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">();</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark-dimmed vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 1.在类声明上方 添加导入语句</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> java.util.Scanner;</span></span>
|
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<span class="line"></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">public</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> class</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#F69D50;"> Demo3</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">{</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> public</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> static</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> void</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">String</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">[] </span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#F69D50;">args</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">){</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;"> // Scanner 可以用来进行键盘录入的API</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;"> // 2.创建Scanner对象 input就是个变量名</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> Scanner</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> input</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> new</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;"> Scanner</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(System.in);</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> </span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;"> // 3.使用Scanner的方法 对象名.xxx()来调用方法</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> System.out.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;">print</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;">"请输入您的年龄："</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">);</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> age</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> input.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;">nextInt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">();</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> </span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> System.out.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;">println</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF;">"输入的年龄为："</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> +</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> age);</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> }</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="类型转换" tabindex="-1">类型转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类型转换" aria-label="Permalink to "类型转换""></a></h2><p>上述就是变量的基本玩法，简单吗？接下来我们再了解一些特别的小知识，加深你对数据类型的理解。</p><h3 id="自动类型转换" tabindex="-1">自动类型转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#自动类型转换" aria-label="Permalink to "自动类型转换""></a></h3><p>看一下下方的代码，<code>double </code>类型的变量竟然在存储整数类型？而且它不会出现任何语法错误？</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark-dimmed vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 自动类型转换</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">double</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> num1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#6CB6FF;"> 10</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">;</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">System.out.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;">println</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(num1); </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 10.0</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 两个操作数只要其中一个是double类型的，那么计算结果就会提升为double类型</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 取值范围小的 自动类型转换为 取值范围大的</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">double</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> num2</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#6CB6FF;"> 10</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> +</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#6CB6FF;"> 10.1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">;</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">System.out.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB;">println</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">(num2); </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 20.1</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这是因为在 Java 中，如果两种类型相互兼容（例如整型和浮点型同属数值类型），那么取值范围小的类型(精度低)，可以自动类型转换为取值范围大的类型(精度高)。</p><h3 id="强制类型转换" tabindex="-1">强制类型转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#强制类型转换" aria-label="Permalink to "强制类型转换""></a></h3><p>有自动类型转换，那应该也有非自动的，我们称之为强制类型转换。</p><p>看个小例子：去年Apple笔记本所占市场份额是20，今年增长市场份额是9.8，求今年所占份额？</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark-dimmed vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// apple 笔记本市场份额</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> before</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#6CB6FF;"> 20</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">;</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 增长的份额</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">double</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> rise</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#6CB6FF;"> 9.8</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">;</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 现在的份额</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> now</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">)before </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">+</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> rise; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 29 不是四舍五入，是直接取整了</span></span></code></pre></div><p>我们发现，上面的代码最后结果使用了<code>int</code>来存储，但是却需要用<code>(int)</code>来标注一下，否则会提示语法错误。这是因为当<code>int</code>和<code>double</code>型数据计算后，它们的结果值已经自动类型转换为了<code>double</code>型，而最后又要将其转换为<code>int</code>型，也就是将一个取值范围大(精度高)的数据，存储到取值范围小的(精度低)类型里，那自然会损失精度(小数点位的值全丢了)，所以需要自己手动标注一下，表明我们自己认可这件事。</p><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">帮助理解类型转换的故事</p><p>假设现在有一个100斤的小麦口袋，还有一个40斤的大米口袋，如果我想把两个口袋换着装东西，40斤大米口袋内的大米自然可以放到100斤小麦口袋里(自动类型转换)，但是反之则不行，如果非要这么做，多余的小麦肯定会洒出来（强制类型转换）。</p></div><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark-dimmed vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 口袋：100斤小麦</span></span>
|
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">double</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> mian</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#6CB6FF;"> 100</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#768390;">// 口袋：40斤大米</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> mi</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#6CB6FF;"> 40</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">mi </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;"> (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F47067;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7;">)mian;</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="答题环节" tabindex="-1">答题环节 <a class="header-anchor" href="#答题环节" aria-label="Permalink to "答题环节""></a></h2><h3 id="变量练习" tabindex="-1">变量练习 <a class="header-anchor" href="#变量练习" aria-label="Permalink to "变量练习""></a></h3><details class="details custom-block"><summary>需求：使用变量分别存储个人基本信息，然后逐行输出个人基本信息。</summary><p>提示：个人基本信息可包括：姓名、年龄、性别、身高、体重、婚否等</p></details><details class="details custom-block"><summary>需求：使用 Scanner 分别录入个人基本信息、并逐行输出。</summary><p>提示：个人基本信息可包括：姓名、年龄、性别、身高、体重、婚否等</p></details><h2 id="参考文献" tabindex="-1">参考文献 <a class="header-anchor" href="#参考文献" aria-label="Permalink to "参考文献""></a></h2><p>[1]谭浩强. C程序设计（第4版）：清华大学出版社，2010.6</p><p>[2]明日科技. Visual Basic从入门到精通：清华大学出版社 ，2017.6</p><h2 id="后记" tabindex="-1">后记 <a class="header-anchor" href="#后记" aria-label="Permalink to "后记""></a></h2><p>无论是学习任何编程语言，变量都是必不可少的一个基础内容，所以，结合上一篇《Java语法 | 程序的那点事儿》好好在脑海中构想一下变量在内存中的使用吧。</p><p><img src="/assets/202010061320866.n4fCopcq.jpeg" alt="202010061320866"></p><div class="info custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">笔者说</p><p>对于技术的学习，笔者一贯遵循的步骤是：先用最最简单的 demo 让它跑起来，然后学学它的最最常用 API 和 配置让自己能用起来，最后熟练使用的基础上，在空闲时尝试阅读它的源码让自己能够洞彻它的运行机制，部分问题出现的原因，同时借鉴这些技术实现来提升自己的代码高度。</p><p>所以在笔者的文章中，前期基本都是小白文，仅仅穿插很少量的源码研究。当然等小白文更新多了，你们还依然喜欢，后期会不定时专门对部分技术的源码进行解析。</p></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-53ed897c data-v-f3af8004><!--[--><!--[--><!--[--><!--[--><!----><!--]--><!--]--><!--]--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-f3af8004><div class="edit-link" data-v-f3af8004><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/Charles7c/charles7c.github.io/edit/main/docs/courses/java/01-Java语法入门/05-变量和常量.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-f3af8004><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-f3af8004><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 不妥之处，敬请雅正<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-f3af8004><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-f3af8004 data-v-a25eb6f3>最后更新: <time datetime="2022-08-26T13:02:07.000Z" data-v-a25eb6f3></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-f3af8004><div class="pager" data-v-f3af8004><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/courses/java/01-Java%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8/04-%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%92%8C%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%9A%84%E9%82%A3%E7%82%B9%E4%BA%8B%E5%84%BF" data-v-f3af8004><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-f3af8004>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-f3af8004><div class="text-color-gray mr-[6px]" style="font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;">4</div>程序和计算机的那点事儿</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-f3af8004><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/courses/java/01-Java%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8/06-%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6" data-v-f3af8004><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-f3af8004>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-f3af8004><div class="text-color-gray mr-[6px]" style="font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;">6</div>常用的运算符</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--[--><!--[--><div id="comment-container"></div><!--]--><!--]--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><!----><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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Please install libicu using your package manager and try again\",\"link\":\"/categories/issues/2022/11/06/解决DotNET安装后报错的问题\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-yellow mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">3</div>解决 Docker 安装 Prometheus 启动报 permission denied 的问题\",\"link\":\"/categories/issues/2022/11/04/解决Docker安装Prometheus启动报错的问题\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">4</div>Docker 设置网络代理\",\"link\":\"/categories/issues/2022/10/29/Docker设置网络代理\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">5</div>解决 CentOS 8 执行 yum install 报 Error: Failed to download metadata for repo 'appstream': Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist: No URLs in mirrorlist 的问题\",\"link\":\"/categories/issues/2022/10/25/解决CentOS8执行yum安装报错\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">6</div>解决 Windows 桌面部分快捷方式图标变为空白的问题\",\"link\":\"/categories/issues/2022/10/15/解决Windows桌面部分快捷方式图标变为空白的问题\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">7</div>解决无法重复读取请求体和响应体的问题\",\"link\":\"/categories/issues/2022/09/23/解决无法重复读取请求体和响应体的问题\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">8</div>Nginx转发请求，报13：Permission denied错误\",\"link\":\"/categories/issues/2022/09/05/Nginx转发请求，报13：Permission denied错误\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">9</div>SpringBoot项目引入OpenFeign后无法启动\",\"link\":\"/categories/issues/2022/08/31/SpringBoot项目引入OpenFeign后无法启动\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">10</div>执行Shell脚本，报java: command not found\",\"link\":\"/categories/issues/2022/08/11/执行Shell脚本，报java command not found\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">11</div>创建一个自身类的静态对象变量，究竟会如何执行？\",\"link\":\"/categories/issues/2022/03/24/创建一个自身类的静态对象变量，究竟会如何执行？\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">12</div>JavaScript 无法存储 Java Long 类型数据问题\",\"link\":\"/categories/issues/2022/01/26/JavaScript 无法存储 Java Long 类型数据问题\"}],\"collapsed\":false},{\"text\":\"<img class=\\\"chinese-zodiac\\\" style=\\\"position: static; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 3px;\\\" src=\\\"/img/svg/chinese-zodiac/ox.svg\\\" title=\\\"牛年\\\" alt=\\\"生肖\\\">\\n 2021年 (5篇)\",\"items\":[{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-red mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">1</div>无法访问 F:\\\\。文件或目录损坏且无法读取。\",\"link\":\"/categories/issues/2021/12/13/无法访问F盘。文件或目录损坏且无法读取\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-orange mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">2</div>SQL 注入攻击风险\",\"link\":\"/categories/issues/2021/12/11/SQL 注入攻击风险\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-yellow mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">3</div>Command line is too long. Shorten command line for XXX or also for Spring Boot default configuration？\",\"link\":\"/categories/issues/2021/12/10/Command line is too long. Shorten command line for XXX or also for Spring Boot default configuration\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">4</div>for循环中删除集合元素隐藏的陷阱\",\"link\":\"/categories/issues/2021/12/08/for循环中删除集合元素隐藏的陷阱\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">5</div>F:\\\\ 上的回收站已损坏。是否清空该驱动器上的\\\"回收站\\\"?\",\"link\":\"/categories/issues/2021/12/01/F盘上的回收站已损坏。是否清空该驱动器上的回收站\"}],\"collapsed\":true}],\"/categories/fragments/\":[{\"text\":\"<svg style=\\\"display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 3px;\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 1920 1024\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" width=\\\"30\\\" height=\\\"30\\\"><path d=\\\"M367.488 667.904h423.744v47.232H367.488v-47.232zM320.256 204.352h137.28v68.992h-137.28v-68.992zM367.488 754.112h423.744v48H367.488v-48zM693.76 204.352h137.984v68.992H693.76v-68.992zM507.008 204.352h137.28v68.992h-137.28v-68.992z\\\" p-id=\\\"10749\\\" fill=\\\"#d81e06\\\"></path><path d=\\\"M1792.512 0H127.488C57.472 0 0 57.152 0 127.616v768.768C0 966.72 57.088 1024 127.488 1024h1665.088c69.952 0 127.424-57.152 127.424-127.616V127.616C1920 57.216 1862.912 0 1792.512 0z m-528 175.104h446.976v54.016H1494.72l-24 101.248h206.976V689.6h-57.728V384.32h-289.472v308.224h-57.728v-362.24h140.224l20.992-101.248h-169.472v-53.952z m-996.032-11.2h614.272v167.232h-51.008v-17.28H320.256v17.28H268.48V163.904z m678.784 681.728h-744v-43.52h111.744V454.848h229.504v-48.704H221.248v-42.048h323.264v-39.744h54.016v39.744h331.52v41.984h-331.52v48.768h245.248v347.264h103.488v43.52z m203.264-94.528c0 59.52-30.72 89.28-92.224 89.28-25.472 0-46.016-0.512-61.504-1.472-2.496-22.976-6.528-45.248-12.032-66.752 22.976 5.504 46.72 8.256 71.232 8.256 24 0 35.968-11.52 35.968-34.496V247.872H971.2v-54.72h278.976v54.72H1150.4v503.232z m521.216 121.536c-67.008-55.488-137.28-108.032-210.752-157.504-4.992 9.984-10.496 19.008-16.512 27.008-41.472 57.024-113.28 101.504-215.232 133.504-9.472-16.512-21.504-34.496-35.968-54.016 94.528-27.008 161.28-64.512 200.256-112.512 34.496-44.992 51.776-113.024 51.776-204.032V421.12h57.728v82.496c0 62.528-6.72 115.776-20.224 159.744 84.48 54.016 161.472 107.008 230.976 158.976l-42.048 50.304z\\\" p-id=\\\"10750\\\" fill=\\\"#d81e06\\\"></path><path d=\\\"M367.488 495.36h423.744v47.232H367.488V495.36zM367.488 581.632h423.744v47.232H367.488v-47.232z\\\" p-id=\\\"10751\\\" fill=\\\"#d81e06\\\"></path></svg>\\n 我的置顶 (8篇)\",\"items\":[{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-red mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">1</div>个人常用快捷键\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2022/10/06/个人常用快捷键\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-orange mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">2</div>个人常用 Git 命令\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2022/10/05/个人常用Git命令\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-yellow mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">3</div>个人常用 Docker 命令\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2022/10/01/个人常用Docker命令\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">4</div>个人常用 SQL 函数\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2022/02/16/个人常用SQL函数\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">5</div>个人常用 Linux 命令\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2019/12/31/个人常用Linux命令\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">6</div>个人常用 Hutool 工具类\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2019/12/30/个人常用Hutool工具类\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">7</div>个人常用 Stream 使用技巧\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2019/12/29/个人常用Stream使用技巧\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">8</div>个人 SQL 优化技巧\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2019/12/28/个人SQL优化技巧\"}],\"collapsed\":false},{\"text\":\"<img class=\\\"chinese-zodiac\\\" style=\\\"position: static; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 3px;\\\" src=\\\"/img/svg/chinese-zodiac/rabbit.svg\\\" title=\\\"兔年\\\" alt=\\\"生肖\\\">\\n 2023年 (2篇)\",\"items\":[{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-red mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">1</div>一文详解限流接口实现\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2023/12/21/一文详解限流接口实现\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-orange mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">2</div>阿里巴巴的Code Review方法论与实践总结\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2023/01/06/CodeReview方法论与实践总结\"}],\"collapsed\":false},{\"text\":\"<img class=\\\"chinese-zodiac\\\" style=\\\"position: static; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 3px;\\\" src=\\\"/img/svg/chinese-zodiac/tiger.svg\\\" title=\\\"虎年\\\" alt=\\\"生肖\\\">\\n 2022年 (15篇)\",\"items\":[{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-red mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">1</div>简单聊聊如何让网站开启灰色显示\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2022/12/07/网站开启灰色显示\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-orange mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">2</div>使用 IntelliJ IDEA 进行远程程序调试\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2022/11/01/使用IDEA进行远程程序调试\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-yellow mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">3</div>CentOS 安装 Docker、Docker Compose\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2022/10/31/CentOS安装Docker\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">4</div>Docker 安装 MinIO 详细步骤\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2022/10/28/Docker安装MinIO\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">5</div>Docker 安装 Consul 详细步骤\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2022/10/27/Docker安装Consul\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">6</div>Docker 安装 OpenLDAP 详细步骤\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2022/10/26/Docker安装OpenLDAP\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">7</div>个人常用快捷键\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2022/10/06/个人常用快捷键\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">8</div>个人常用 Git 命令\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2022/10/05/个人常用Git命令\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">9</div>个人常用 Docker 命令\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2022/10/01/个人常用Docker命令\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">10</div>内网CentOS服务器设置网络代理\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2022/08/29/内网CentOS服务器设置网络代理\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">11</div>为指定Git仓库单独配置用户名和邮箱\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2022/03/28/为指定Git仓库单独配置用户名和邮箱\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">12</div>修改Git所有提交记录中的作者和邮箱\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2022/03/27/修改Git所有提交记录中的作者和邮箱\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">13</div>修改Git最后一次提交记录的作者和邮箱\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2022/03/26/修改Git最后一次提交记录的作者和邮箱\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">14</div>合并两个Git仓库的历史提交记录\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2022/03/25/合并两个Git仓库的历史提交记录\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">15</div>个人常用 SQL 函数\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2022/02/16/个人常用SQL函数\"}],\"collapsed\":true},{\"text\":\"<img class=\\\"chinese-zodiac\\\" style=\\\"position: static; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 3px;\\\" src=\\\"/img/svg/chinese-zodiac/ox.svg\\\" title=\\\"牛年\\\" alt=\\\"生肖\\\">\\n 2021年 (2篇)\",\"items\":[{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-red mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">1</div>设计模式之单例模式\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2021/05/29/设计模式之单例模式\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-orange mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">2</div>精密计算工具类-BigDecimal\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2021/03/12/精密计算工具类-BigDecimal\"}],\"collapsed\":true},{\"text\":\"<img class=\\\"chinese-zodiac\\\" style=\\\"position: static; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 3px;\\\" src=\\\"/img/svg/chinese-zodiac/pig.svg\\\" title=\\\"猪年\\\" alt=\\\"生肖\\\">\\n 2019年 (4篇)\",\"items\":[{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-red mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">1</div>个人常用 Linux 命令\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2019/12/31/个人常用Linux命令\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-orange mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">2</div>个人常用 Hutool 工具类\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2019/12/30/个人常用Hutool工具类\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-yellow mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">3</div>个人常用 Stream 使用技巧\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2019/12/29/个人常用Stream使用技巧\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">4</div>个人 SQL 优化技巧\",\"link\":\"/categories/fragments/2019/12/28/个人SQL优化技巧\"}],\"collapsed\":true}],\"/categories/solutions/\":[{\"text\":\"<img class=\\\"chinese-zodiac\\\" style=\\\"position: static; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 3px;\\\" src=\\\"/img/svg/chinese-zodiac/tiger.svg\\\" title=\\\"虎年\\\" alt=\\\"生肖\\\">\\n 2022年 (1篇)\",\"items\":[{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-red mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">1</div>递归查询树型结构数据的性能优化方案\",\"link\":\"/categories/solutions/2022/09/07/递归查询树型结构数据的性能优化方案\"}],\"collapsed\":false},{\"text\":\"<img class=\\\"chinese-zodiac\\\" style=\\\"position: static; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 3px;\\\" src=\\\"/img/svg/chinese-zodiac/ox.svg\\\" title=\\\"牛年\\\" alt=\\\"生肖\\\">\\n 2021年 (2篇)\",\"items\":[{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-red mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">1</div>一条SQL查询今年每月统计信息\",\"link\":\"/categories/solutions/2021/11/22/一条SQL查询今年每月统计信息\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-orange mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">2</div>用Java8获取近N天日期\",\"link\":\"/categories/solutions/2021/11/18/用Java8获取近N天日期\"}],\"collapsed\":true}],\"/categories/tools/\":[{\"text\":\"<img class=\\\"chinese-zodiac\\\" style=\\\"position: static; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 3px;\\\" src=\\\"/img/svg/chinese-zodiac/ox.svg\\\" title=\\\"牛年\\\" alt=\\\"生肖\\\">\\n 2021年 (5篇)\",\"items\":[{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-red mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">1</div>Quartz 快速入门\",\"link\":\"/categories/tools/2021/03/10/Quartz快速入门\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-orange mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">2</div>Postman 快速入门\",\"link\":\"/categories/tools/2021/03/06/Postman快速入门\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-yellow mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">3</div>Another Redis Desktop Manager 快速入门\",\"link\":\"/categories/tools/2021/03/04/ARDM快速入门\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">4</div>Redis Desktop Manager 快速入门\",\"link\":\"/categories/tools/2021/02/22/RDM快速入门\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-gray mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">5</div>初识 Lombok\",\"link\":\"/categories/tools/2021/01/14/初识Lombok\"}],\"collapsed\":false}],\"/courses/java/\":[{\"text\":\"Java语法入门 (14篇)\",\"items\":[{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-red mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; display: inline-block;\\\">1</div>开发环境搭建\",\"link\":\"/courses/java/01-Java语法入门/01-开发环境搭建\"},{\"text\":\"<div class=\\\"text-color-orange mr-[6px]\\\" style=\\\"font-weight: 550; 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